Understanding Arthritis

Understanding Arthritis By Michael Pleasanton Arthritis is a disease that presently affects many Americans. The word “arthritis” means joint inflammation and is a general term for a group of more than 100 diseases. Joint inflammation leads to pain, swelling and stiffness. If arthritis persists over a long period of time, it can lead to permanent soft tissue damage. A joint is where two or more bones meet each other. The bone tissue located near the joint is covered with a sponge-like material called cartilage. Cartilage covers and protects the bones allowing the joint to move freely. Encasing the joint is the synovium, which releases a fluid called synovial fluid. This fluid helps limit friction within the joint. As mentioned earlier, there are many forms of arthritis. Below lists and outlines the most common types. *Osteoarthritis- This is the most popular type of arthritis, occurring when the cartilage surrounding the joint wears down or “degenerates”. This degeneration increases friction between the bones, raising the level of pain and inflammation. A decreased production of synovial fluid within the joint is the main culprit for the friction and swelling. Osteoarthritis can occur in any joint, but occur mostly in the hands, hips, and the spine. *Rheumatoid arthritis- This occurs when the immune system mistakenly causes the joint to inflame. This increase in swelling eventually spreads to the surrounding soft tissue, which cause damage to the cartilage and bone. Although R.A. occurs mostly in the wrists and hands, it can also affect the skin, eyes, and nerves in more severe cases. *Gout- Gout is very painful condition that affects mainly the toes, feet and writs. It occurs when the body cannot eliminate uric acid effectively. Needle-like crystals in the joints form as a result of the uric acid buildup, causing excessive swelling and pain.